The Visit of the Queen of Sheba

s-OCEAN-JUNK-large300 When the queen of Sheba heard of the fame of Solomon, (fame due to the name of the LORD) , she came to test him with hard questions. 2 She came to Jerusalem with a very great retinue, with camels bearing spices, and very much gold, and precious stones; and when she came to Solomon, she told him all that was on her mind. 3 Solomon answered all her questions ; there was nothing hidden from the king that he could not explain to her. 4 When the queen of Sheba had observed all the wisdom of Solomon, the house that he had built , 5 the food of his table , the seating of his officials , and

the attendance of his servants, their clothing, his valets, and his burnt offerings that he offered at the house of the LORD there was no more spirit in her.

6 So she said to the king, "The report was true that I heard in my own land of your accomplishments and of your wisdom, 7 but I did not believe the reports until I came and my own eyes had seen it. Not even half had been told me;your wisdom and prosperity far surpass the report that I had heard. 8 Happy are your wives! Happy are these your servants, who continually attend you and hear your wisdom! 9 Blessed be the LORD your God, who has delighted in you and set you on the throne of Is¬rael] Because the LORD loved Israel forever,he has made you king to execute justice and righteousness. "10 Then she gave the king one hundred twenty talents® of gold,a great quantity of spices, and precious stones; never again did spices come in such quantity as that which the queen of Sheba gave to King Solomon.

13 Meanwhile King Solomon gave to the queen of Sheba every desire that she expressed, as well as what he gave her out of Solomon's royal bounty. Then she returned to her own land with her servants.

God Commands Joshua to Conquer Canaan

After the death of Moses the servant of the LORD, the LORD spoke to Joshua son of Nun, Moses' assistant, saying, 2"My servant Moses is dead. Now proceed to cross the Jordan, you and all this people, into the land that I am giving to them, to the Israelites. Every place that the sole of your foot will tread upon I have given to you, as I promised to Moses. 4From the wilderness and the Lebanon as far as the great river, the river Euphrates, all the land of the Hittites, to the Great Sea in the west shall be your territory. 5No one shall be able to stand against you all the days of your life. As I was with Moses, so I will be with you; I will not fail you or forsake you. 6Be strong and courageous; for you shall put this people in possession of the land that I swore to their ancestors to give them. ?Only be strong and very courageous, being careful to act in accordance with all the law that my servant Moses commanded you; do not turn from it to the right hand or to the left, so that you may be successful wherever you go. This book of the law shall not depart out of your mouth; you shall meditate on it day and night, so that you may be careful to act in accordance with all that is written in it. For then you shal make your way prosperous, and then you shall be successful. 9l hereby command you: Be strong and courageous; do not be frightened or dismayed, for the LORD your God is with you wherever you go. "

Based in large part on the work of his predecessors, Sir Isaac Newton deduced three laws of dynamics which he published in 1687 in his famous Principia.

Prior to Newton , Aristotle had established that the natural state of a body was a state of rest, and that unless a force acted upon it to maintain motion, a moving body would come to rest . Galileo had succeeded in correctly describing the behavior of falling objects and in record-ing that no force was required to maintain a body in motion . He noted that the effect of force was to change motion . Huygens recognized that a change in the direction of motion involved acceleration, just as did a change in speed, and further, that the action of a force was required. Kepier deduced the laws describingtthe motion of planets around the sun. It was primarily from Gs.-lileq, and Kepler that Newton borrowed.

The emergence of a major star

In the fall of 1977 Patrick Bissell was just another rookie at American Ballet Theatre, dancing night after night in the corps de ballet and waiting for someone to notice him. He didn't wait long. Within a few months the 20-year-old had been plucked from the ranks to perform roles normally reserved for principal artists. Critic Clive Barnes hailed "the emergence of a major star,"but Bissell never lived up to that early promise. Last week his fiancee, dancer Amy Rose,found him lying dead on a couch in his Hoboken, N. J. , apartment. There were no signs of murder or suicide; apparently Bissell, 30, died in his sleep. Not until an autopsy is performed will there be an official verdict,but his friends fear that he died the same way he lived — disastrously,on drugs.

Bissell's drug problem was no secret, especially after ballerina Gelsey Kirkland published her best-selling confessional, "Dancing on My Grave, "in 1986. In the book, she claimed it was Bissell who introduced her to a near-fatal cocaine habit while they were both members of ABT. But Bissell's self-destructive behavior had started years earlier. Growing up in O-hio.he never finished high school — "I got to be known as a big troublemaker, "he said — and although he loved dancing he was kicked out of two arts academies. The single-minded daily discipline necessary in ballet was foreign to him. "If I weren't going to be a dancer," he once said, " I would have been a teenage hoodlum."

At ABT both dancers and management could see what was happening. "Over the last few years, there hasn't been a single personnel matter that's taken as much time and energy as

Patrick's drug problem,"says Charles Dillingham,executive di-rector of ABT. The company extended what Dillingham calls "moral support" — keeping Bissell employed, finding him a therapist,locating donors to help pay for his treatment. Recently Bissell agreed to try the Betty Ford Center,again the expense of ABT donors, and reportedly stayed five weeks. "They released him a week early; they said he made wonderful progress,"says Dillingham.

One of Bissell's friends, however,doubts that a drug habit so powerful was cured so quickly and thinks the best way to help Bissell would have been simply to fire him. "He didn't •uxtnt to get off drugs;he wanted to get away with it, "says his friend. "Why should he give up the one thing in life he was most attached to, when they were paying him to keep doing it?"

Mikhail Baryshnikov,artistic director of ABT,says Bissell v/as "one of the brightest lights'-in the entire ballet world. " But that light had been flickering for years,as colleagues,critics and audiences watched a talented dancer destroy himself before their eyes. Out of kindness, perhaps, nobody said publicly what everybody knew privately. But kindness wasn't what Bissell needed. If his death was indeed brought about by cocaine, the habit had unwitting help from his admirers.

"She was 5 feet 8 inches tall, had fair hair, and wore a colored skirt. " More often, we try to get inside the other person to pinpoint his or her attitudes, emotions, motivations, abilities, ideas and characters. Furthermore, we sometimes behave as if we can accomplish this difficult job very quickly—perhaps with a two-second glance.

We try to obtain information about others in many ways. Berger suggests several methods for reducing uncertainties about others; watching, without being noticed, a person interacting with others, particularly with others who are known to you so you can compare the observed person' s behavior with the known others' behavior; observing a person in a situation where social behavior is relatively unrestrained or where a wide variety of behavioral responses are called for; deliberately structuring the physical or social environment so as to observe the per-son ' s responses to specific stimuli; asking people who have had or have frequent contact with the person about him or her; and using various strategies in face-to-face interaction to uncover information about another person-questions, serf-disclosures, and so on. Getting to know someone is a never-ending task, largely because people are constantly changing and the methods we use to obtain information are often imprecise. You may have known someone for ten years and still know very little about him. If we accept the idea that we won' t very fully know another person, it enables us to deal more easily with those things that get in the way of accurate knowledge such as secrets and deceptions. It will also keep us from being too surprised or shocked by seemingly inconsistent behavior. Ironically, those things that keep us from knowing another person too well(e. g, secrets and deceptions) may be just as important to the development of a satisfying relationship as those things that enable us to obtain accurate knowl-edge about a person (e. g. .disclosures and truthful statements).

Store in the refrigerator

The fridge is considered a necessity. It has been so since the 1960s when packaged food first appeared with the label: "store in the refrigerator. "

In my fridgeless Fifties childhood, I was fed well and healthily. The milkman came daily, the grocer, the butcher, the baker, and the ice-cream man delivered two or three times a week. The Sunday meat would last until Wednesday and surplus bread and milk became all kinds of cakes. Nothing was wasted , and we were never troubled by rotten food. Thirty years on, food deliveries have ceased; fresh vegetables are almost unobtainable in the country.

The invention of the fridge contributed comparatively little to the art of food preservation. A vast way of well-tried techniques already existed-natural cooling, drying, smoking, salting, sugaring, bottling- ••

What refrigeration did promote was marketing — marketing hardware and electricity , marketing soft drinks, marketing dead bodies of animals around the globe in search of a good price.

Consequently , most of the world ' s fridges are to be found , not in the tropics where they might prove useful , but in the wealthy countries with mild temperatures where they are climatically almost unnecessary. Every winter, millions of fridges hum away continuously, and at vast expense, busily maintaining an artificially-cooled space inside an artificially-heated house — while outside , nature provides the desired temperature free of charge.

The fridge ' s effect upon the environment has been evident , while its contribution to human happiness has been insignificant. If you don' t believe me, try it yourself, invest in a food cabinet and turn off your fridge next winter. You may miss the hamburgers , but at least you ' 11 get rid of that terrible hum.

Changing Roles: Stay-at-Home Dads

British mechanic Neil Walkingshaw was looking for a way to care for is newborn child when he approached his boss with a proposal1 in arly 2000. Reluctant to hire a babysitter once his wife's maternity :ave2 ended and she returned to work, Walkingshaw asked if he could witch to part-time hours in order to spend half of each day at home )oking after his son. His employer refused, saying the paperwork rould be "too messy" and that it would be difficult to get anyone to lare Walkingshaw's job. Knowing that the company he worked for ad granted similar requests to female employees, Walkingshaw sued3 n the grounds of sex discrimination. On November 20, 2001, an idustrial tribunal4 ruled that Walkingshaw had been discriminated against and awarded him £3,600. The ruling is believed to be the first of its kind, and demonstrates just how much views on parental roles have changed over the years.

15 As little as thirty years ago, few people questioned the gender roles that had prevailed for centuries. The conventional wisdom5 was that a woman's place was in the home and that a man's main responsibility to his family was to put food on the table. In the 1970s and '80s, however greater numbers of working women meant that men were no longer the sole6 breadwinner. A father's emotional involvement with his family als( became more important. Forty years ago, almost no husbands were present in the delivery room when their wives gave birth. Today, it is generally expected for male partners to attend childbirth classes, be there for the delivery, and to take more responsibility for child rearing than their fathers or grandfathers did.

In addition to society's changing views of the role men play in relation to childcare, social scientists are also re-examining the contribution a father makes to his child's welfare and development. Researchers have found evidence to suggest that a father plays a role in child development that is quite different from that of the mother. According to the research, fathers tend to be more playful, thus encouraging children to develop in a different way emotionally and physically than a child might under a mother's exclusive care.

Studies have also found that the presence of the father in the home can 35 contribute to lower juvenile crime rates, a decrease in child poverty, and lower rates of teenage pregnancy. Differences in parenting styles between men and women are also believed to contribute to children's ability to understand and communicate emotions in different ways. The research supports claims by some groups that the absence of a father in 40 the family is the single biggest social problem in modern society.

In recent years, organizations like the U.S.-based National Fatherhood Initiative have begun to argue that the presence of the father is vital to a child's development. These organizations aim to encourage fathers to take a more active role in their children's lives. The movement also calls 45 for the creation of a new image of fatherhood, one that goes beyond the traditional view of the father solely as provider, and also includes the equally crucial roles of nurturer, moral example, disciplinarian and teacher.

Some countries celebrate important days in their history. For example, the French celebrate the start of the French Revolution—Bastille Day—on July 14 every year. On November 5, the people in England build big fires and light fireworks to celebrate the day in 1605 when a man named Guy Fawkes was caught trying to kill the king.

Other cultures celebrate changing seasons. One example is a very colorful Indian celebration called Holi, when everyone sings, dances, aad throws colored water around. In North America people celebrate Thanksgiving in autumn. They enjoy a big dinner together with their families, and think about all the good things in their lives.

Other special days celebrate cultural history. For example, Kwanzaa, which starts on December 26 and ends on New Year's Day, is the time when Africans and African-Americans celebrate their culture with prayers, singing, food, and dancing. Some countries have a unique way to celebrate world holidays. In Scotland, New Year's Eve is called Hogmanay, and people have noisy parties in the street, with lots of singing.

Sleep specialist

American society is not nap friendly. In fact, says David Dinges, a sleep specialist at the University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine. " There's even a prohibition against admitting we need sleep. " Nobody wants to be caught napping or found asleep at work. To quote proverb; "Some sleep five hours, nature requires seven, laziness nine and wickedness eleven.

Wrong. The way not to fall asleep at work is to take naps when you need them. " We have to totally change our attitude toward napping" , says Dr. William Dement of Stanford University, the godfather of sleep research.

Last year a national commission led by Dement identified an " American sleep debt" which one member said was as important as the national debt, the commission It as cuimefned about the dangers of sleepiness; people causing industrial accidents or falling asleep while driving. This may be why we have a new sleep policy in the White House. According to recent reports, president Clinton is trying to take a half-hour snooze (JTB^SI) every afternoon.

About 60 percent of American adults nap when given the opportunity. We seem to have " a midafternoon quiet phase" also called "a secondary sleep gate. " Sleeping 15 minutes to two hours in the early afternoon can reduce stress and make us refreshed. Clearly, we were born to nap.

We Superstars of Snooze don't nap to replace lost shut-eye or to prepare for a night shift. Rather, we "snack" on sleep, whenever, wherever and at whatever time we feel like it. I myself have napped in buses, cars, planes and on boats; on floors and beds; and in libraries, offices and museums.

The CPS tutors all had teaching experience but previously had adopted the "mini-lecture" approach to teaching in tutorials. At the beginning of the project, one tutor was very committed and enthusiastic, but the other two were guarded and uncertain about the likely outcome of the project. This led to speculation about possible obstacles such as student antagonism, student unwillingness to participate, and student lack of preparation. By the end of the ninth week, however, all CPS tutors appeared enthusiastic about the project. One noted that the whole atmosphere of a tutorial is totally different now...it is so much better when

you can walk around the groups and just sit with them for five minutes—most of the learning goes on when you are sitting there talking to individual groups rather than to the whole class... It is better to explain to small groups, as even if it clicks with only one person in

the group they can then explain it to everyone else.

CPS tutors agreed that they were enjoying tutoring more than they had done in the past or in other subjects in which they were currently tutoring. They attributed this new level of satisfaction to the reduced stress, because they were no longer the center of attention and to the opportunity to interact with students in a more informal atmosphere. They believed that students were at ease with them and with each other and were, therefore, more willing to ask and answer questions. In this supportive and congenial situation, students were more likely to take risks.

CPS tutors observed that students were better prepared for tutorials compared with other students they had taught, especially in relation to their reading of the prescribed textbook. One tutor commented that the identification of key concepts in the reading guide was used by some students as a framework for summary development. This observation was supported by students in a subject-review meeting held in the eighth week of the semester.

Tutorial observations indicated that the classroom dynamics that developed during the semester were very different in the CPS and TRAD tutorials. An important and consistently observed feature of the CPS tutorials was the apparently higher levels of student participation and the sophistication of the questions asked by students compared with the TRAD tutorials. 'The four TRAD tutorials were uniform in teaching style—all were solution-giving mini-lectures. Student participation was limited to answering questions that often required single word answers and many students remained silent throughout the tutorial.